Chlamydia trachomatis infections spread through sexual contact, specifically through exchange of bodily fluids (i.e. vaginal fluid or semen) containing the bacteria (chlamydia trachomatis). Sexual contact includes all kinds of sex, including sexual activity that doesn't involve penetration or ejaculation.
Chlamydia is a STD, meaning it is transmitted by having oral, anal, or vaginal sex with a person who already has chlamydia. The infection is spread through semen and vaginal fluids, but the transmission of the disease is not dependent on ejaculation. While the infection comes from these fluids, it can infect the eyes and throat in addition to the vagina, cervix, penis, urethra, and anus. Anyone can get chlamydia, even if they have been diagnosed and treated for chlamydia before. Additionally, women who are pregnant can pass chlamydia onto their baby during birth. This can result in the baby having pneumonia, an eye infection, or even blindness.
Since these fluids are required to transmit the bacteria that causes chlamydia, you cannot get chlamydia through casual contact. For example, it is not possible to get chlamydia from kissing, holding hands, hugging, sneezing, sitting on a toilet, or sharing food.
Certain traits do increase your likelihood of contracting chlamydia:
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Engaging with multiple sexual partners in one year – The more partners that you engage with, the more likely you will be exposed to an infected person and contract an STD.
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Having unprotected sex – Condoms can reduce the likelihood of you contracting an STD; however, condoms are never 100% effective. If you are concerned you may have an STD, you should get tested regardless of whether you used a condom in your last sexual encounter.
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Younger than 24 – Individuals younger than 24 tend to practice unprotected sex more often than other age groups and are less likely to be tested.
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Previous diagnosis of an STD – Having already contracted an STD increases your body’s susceptibility to contracting another STD. It can be common for those who have contracted chlamydia to be at risk for contracting gonorrhea or HIV.