When taken as prescribed, corticosteroids are generally well tolerated. However, they can still cause some side effects. The more common side effects of corticosteroid use include:
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Increased risk of infections, such as oral thrush
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Throat irritation
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Mood swings or behavioral changes
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Temporary pain and soreness at the injection site (steroid injections)
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Increased appetite, water retention or weight gain (typically with steroid tablets)
In rare cases, corticosteroids may cause serious adverse effects. Long-term corticosteroid therapy can also cause significant side effects, especially when steroid medicine is taken at high doses over a longer period. These can include:
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High blood pressure
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High blood sugar
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Facial swelling or puffiness (fluid retention)
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Reduced bone-density
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Allergic reaction
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Withdrawal symptoms