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Syphilis is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. An infected person can spread the bacteria to his/her sexual partners during vaginal, anal or oral sex, when the partner comes into contact with the syphilis sore.

Syphilis can spread from a mother to her unborn baby, during pregnancy. This is also called congenital syphilis.

Syphilis cannot spread through casual contact with objects, like toilet seats, eating utensils, doorknobs, hot tubs, and clothing.

Primary syphilis develops within the first few weeks (2 - 12 weeks) after exposure. During this primary stage, a small, red sore called a chancre develops at the spot where the bacteria entered your body. The chancre is typically painless, so most people don't even realize it is there. Also note that, while most people develop one sore, some people can develop several sores. Chancre goes away on its own in a few weeks or months. If left untreated, primary syphilis can progress into secondary syphilis.

Secondary syphilis develops within a few weeks after the chancre has healed (or even when it is healing). During the secondary stage, skin rashes can develop over the entire body, even on the palms and soles (bottoms) of the feet. The rash looks red/reddish brown and are not itchy. In addition to the skin rashes, other symptoms that may be present in the secondary stage include:

• Fever

• Sore throat

• Headaches, Muscle aches

• Fatigue

Together with the skin rash, these symptoms can come and go for months or years. At this stage, you can still cure syphilis with treatment. If left untreated, secondary stage syphilis can progress into latent syphilis.

Neurosyphilis is when syphilis causes damage to the central nervous system. This can occur at any stage of syphilis. According to CDC, in the beginning, the nervous system damages can result in neurological issues such as cranial nerve dysfunction, meningitis, stroke, and altered mental status. Later, neurological issues such as tabes dorsalis and general paresis can occur.

Ocular syphilis is when syphilis causes damage to the visual system. This can occur at any stage of syphilis. Issues such as posterior uveitis, panuveitis, anterior uveitis, optic neuropathy, retinal vasculitis, and interstitial keratitis can occur in patients infected.