Osteoarthritis is very common and occurs due to the "wear and tear" of cartilage between joints over time. This causes friction, inflammation, and pain. Some people talk about "bone on bone" arthritis when the cartilage has been severely damaged. This can occur due to age, genetics, or previous injuries.
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Request arthritis treatment today from our trusted, board-certified online primary care doctors. Get a new prescription for arthritis or refill an existing prescription, or get a referral for physical therapy or specialty care today.*
*Prescriptions are provided at the doctor's discretion. Learn more about our controlled substances policy and how to save up to 80% with our prescription discount card. PlushCare doctors cannot treat all cases of arthritis. Our primary care physicians can conduct an initial evaluation of your symptoms but may need to refer you to a specialist or for in-person treatment. If you are experiencing life-threatening symptoms, seek emergency medical attention immediately.
Types of arthritis
Arthritis is a disorder of the joints that causes inflammation, swelling, and pain. There are several different types of arthritis and each is treated differently, to target the specific underlying cause of pain for that arthritis type. Understanding what kind of arthritis you have is essential in order to treat it effectively.
Some common types of arthritis include:
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Gout involves joint inflammation due to uric acid buildup. This causes painful swelling, redness, and warmth in the joints. It can make walking difficult if the gout involves the big toe or the foot and ankle. Other common places to have gout flares are the elbows and knees. Gout can be treated and also prevented by taking certain medications and modifying your diet.
Lupus
Lupus is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in different regions of the body, including the joints, internal organs, and skin. Lupus is usually managed with the help of a rheumatologist who specializes in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
Ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects the spine. It can also cause gastrointestinal issues and is more common in people with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory condition that causes a psoriasis rash but also widespread joint inflammation and pain. It is treated with medications that modify the immune system.
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia causes pain throughout the body, which then can also cause fatigue and sleep issues. Fibromyalgia is not a type of arthritis, but symptoms can feel similar.
Arthritis causes
The causes of arthritis vary depending on which kind of arthritis you have. Causes of arthritis can include:
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Normal wear and tear on your joints: This can cause a reduction of cartilage, a firm but flexible connective tissue in the joints. Cartilage is meant to protect the joints by absorbing the pressure and shock created when you move or put weight on them. When the cartilage wears down, it can cause inflammation, pain, and ultimately arthritis in the joints. This is true with osteoarthritis, which is common in older people, as well as with inflammatory arthritis like rheumatoid, which can affect younger people.
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Infections: Certain infections, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, can trigger different types of arthritis.
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Metabolic abnormalities: Abnormal levels of chemicals, hormones, or other substances in the blood can contribute to conditions such as gout and pseudogout.
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Injuries: Just like breaking a bone, injuries can cause damage to your joints that leads to arthritis over time if the injuries do not heal properly or if the joints experience too much stress.
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Autoimmune disorders: Unfortunately, autoimmune disease has to do with the genetic lottery- some people are predisposed to certain kinds of joint inflammation like rheumatoid arthritis, even without any other risk factors.
Arthritis symptoms
While the main symptoms of arthritis have to do with joint pain and functionality, arthritis can cause symptoms that affect more than just the joints.
Common arthritis symptoms include:
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Joint pain, stiffness, and swelling
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Skin changes, like rashes or redness in the affected area
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Joint warmth
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Limping, locking of the joint, or trouble moving normally
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Weakness
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Loss of range of motion in the joint
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Fever
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Swollen lymph nodes
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Fatigue
How to treat arthritis
Arthritis is classified as a rheumatic disease, which means that it's a disease that affects your joints, tendons, ligaments, bones and muscles. Many rheumatic diseases also have the potential to affect internal organs. Each rheumatic disease is different and requires a specialized treatment plan.
Arthritis treatment focuses on pain reduction, preserving function and mobility, and preventing further damage to the joints. Pain treatment is specific to the individual, so it will take some time to figure out what management techniques work for you. Some people find that heating pads and ice packs do the trick, while others might use movement assistance devices like canes or walkers to help take pressure off sore joints.
Improving joint function is also crucial to managing your arthritis. Your doctor may prescribe a combination of treatment methods to achieve best results, which generally includes physical therapy, home remedies, cold-pack application, anti-inflammatory drugs, pain medications, biologic medications, immune-altering medications, and/or surgical operations. Some arthritic pain requires injections for treatment. Rheumatoid arthritis may require medications to suppress the immune system.
As with many conditions, the best treatment plan is a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and therapy (mental or physical).
While arthritis medication is an incredibly important part of your treatment, you can make other changes to relieve arthritis pain, such as:
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Maintaining a healthy weight and getting regular physical activity
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Eating a wide variety of foods and avoiding foods that cause inflammation such as dairy, sugar, caffeine, alcohol and certain meats
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Physical therapy: Physical therapy aids with mobility and strengthening muscles around the affected joint. While it might be painful at first, when monitored by a licensed physical therapist, this therapy can be incredibly helpful with relieving symptoms and slowing the progression of inflammation.
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Surgery: If a joint is causing pain that is not lessening with medication, it might be helpful to consider joint replacement.
Arthritis medication
There are many kinds of arthritis medications available, which can be daunting at first. Discussing options with a doctor can help alleviate some of the intimidation over picking out an arthritis medication.
Some common types of arthritis medications include:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
This arthritis medication option will help with pain and inflammation, but also can cause blood thinning. Some NSAID options include:
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
These medications are helpful for conditions such as gout, as they help reduce uric acid production. These include:
Antidepressants
Certain antidepressants can be effective for pain relief. Those used for arthritis include:
Immunosuppressants
For arthritis caused by autoimmune disorders, taking immunosuppressants may help decrease common symptoms of arthritis.
Corticosteroids
These medications can help with inflammatory arthritis symptoms. These medications include:
How to prevent arthritis
Some other risk factors for arthritis include:
Age
Your risk for acquiring most types of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gout, increases with age.
Previous joint injury
If you have experienced a joint injury in the past, you are far more likely to eventually develop arthritis in the joint.
Your gender
Women are more likely than men to develop rheumatoid arthritis. The majority of people who have gout, however, are men
Obesity
Obesity puts extra stress on weight bearing joints, particularly your spine, hips and knees. Obese people have a higher risk of developing arthritis. Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce joint pain.
For almost all types of arthritis, lifestyle factors like getting adequate sleep, stress management practices, regular physical exercise, and good nutrition can help with symptom management.
When to see a doctor for arthritis
If you are experiencing joint pain, swelling, tenderness, or redness, you should seek medical treatment from one of our board-certified primary care doctors. Prescription medications can help make symptoms more manageable. If you are experiencing more severe symptoms such as a fever or chest discomfort, you should seek emergency medical attention immediately.
Arthritis treatment FAQs
What is the most effective treatment for arthritis?
While there is no cure for arthritis, arthritis medications can help deal with symptoms like inflammation and pain. Most doctors you speak to will suggest combining arthritis medication with other treatment options like physical therapy in order to prevent your inflammation from progressing. This can greatly improve your quality of life for an extended time.
What is the best medication for arthritis?
You can speak to a doctor online from the comfort of your home and get prescriptions for common arthritis medications like Meloxicam, Voltaren, or Celebrex, which are NSAIDs that help with inflammation and pain. Make sure to disclose other medications you may be taking, since NSAIDs can interact with other medications.
What does arthritis pain feel like?
Arthritis pain often feels like a dull aching or burning type of pain. You may also experience a throbbing pain, or sharp, stabbing pain. The joint often feels tender when touched or harder to move than usual.
What is the main cause of arthritis?
Arthritis causes vary depending on the type of arthritis, but most types are caused by genetic factors. Some arthritis is caused by normal age-related "wear and tear" of cartilage and joints, infections, injuries, or autoimmune diseases.
Can you make arthritis go away?
Although there is no cure for arthritis, the mentioned medications, treatments, and lifestyle changes can greatly improve quality of life and help make symptoms manageable.
3 simple steps to request treatment for arthritis today
Book an arthritis treatment appointment.
Talk to your medical provider regarding your arthritis symptoms.
Pick up prescription for arthritis treatment.
Related conditions to arthritis
There are several types of arthritis that are related. These include:
Lupus
Ankylosing spondylitis
Psoriatic arthritis
Scleroderma
Arthritis treatment pricing details
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Arthritis treatment resources
Sources:
PlushCare is dedicated to providing you with accurate and trustworthy health information.
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CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): "Arthritis Basics." CDC. Accessed on June 17, 2024 at https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/index.html
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Cleveland Clinic: "Arthritis." Cleveland Clinic. Accessed on December 5, 2023, at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12061-arthritis.
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Mayo Clinic: "Arthritis - Diagnosis and Treatment." Mayo Clinic. Accessed on December 5, 2023, at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350777.
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Arthritis Foundation: "Treatments." Arthritis Foundation. Accessed on December 5, 2023, at https://www.arthritis.org/treatments.
PlushCare content is reviewed by MDs, PhDs, NPs, nutritionists, and other healthcare professionals. Learn more about our editorial standards and meet the medical team. The PlushCare site or any linked materials are not intended and should not be construed as medical advice, nor is the information a substitute for professional medical expertise or treatment.