Edema occurs when tiny blood vessels called capillaries leak fluid into the surrounding tissue and skin. When too much fluid builds up in your body's tissues, swelling occurs.
There are several potential causes of edema. Some serious health conditions that can cause edema include:
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Chronic heart failure
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Liver disease and cirrhosis
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Thyroid disease
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Blood clots
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Severe allergic reactions
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Certain cancers and cancer treatment
Other less serious but bothersome causes of edema include:
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Chronic venous insufficiency (varicose veins)
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Obstructive sleep apnea
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Prior lymph node surgery
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Previous radiation treatments
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Taking certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers
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Being sedentary for long periods of time, especially sitting at a desk or standing in one place
Edema commonly occurs among pregnant women as fluid volume increases to support the pregnancy. However, rapidly developing edema can be a symptom of preeclampsia, which requires immediate medical care.